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Title: 10. Psalter (Psalterium)
Date Created: Middle 13th Century
Summary: Hand Lettered and Painted in Medieval Latin Text; Single Page Psalter; From the Collection of Otto F. Ege.
Subjects: Psalters--Germany--Illustrations, Manuscripts, Medieval, Illumination of books and manuscripts, German
In Collection(s): Medieval Manuscripts Collection, Special Collections Department, Newark Public Library Repository
mods_note_ms: An early acrostic, IESOUS CHRISTOS THEOU HUIOS SOTER (Jesus Christ, Son of God, Savior), is based on the letters in the Greek word for fish, ICHTHUS. The lozenge heads on top of many of the vertical pen strokes are characteristics of German manuscripts.

Title: 12. Psalter (Psalterium)
Date Created: Middle 13th Century
Summary: Hand Lettered and Painted in Medieval Latin Text; Single Page Psalter; From the Collection of Otto F. Ege.
Subjects: Psalters--France--Illustrations, Manuscripts, Medieval, Illumination of books and manuscripts, French
In Collection(s): Medieval Manuscripts Collection, Special Collections Department, Newark Public Library Repository
mods_note_ms: The famous treatise De Arte Illuminandi and Cennino Cennini's Trattato were both of later date. These works gave directions on how to prepare and use the glair of egg. Armenian bole, stag-horn glue, and hare's foot, and on how to burnish the gold with a suitable wolf's tooth.

Title: 13. Oxford Bible (Biblia Sacra Latina, Versio Vulgata)
Date Created: Middle 13th Century
Summary: Hand Lettered in Medieval Latin Text; Two Single Pages from the Oxford Bible; From the Collection of Otto F. Ege.
Subjects: Bible--N.T.--Illustrations, Manuscripts, Medieval, Illumination of books and manuscripts, English
In Collection(s): Medieval Manuscripts Collection, Special Collections Department, Newark Public Library Repository
mods_note_ms: The original master text was carelessly transcribed again and again. It may have even been incorrectly copied from the Alcuinian text written for Charlemagne. Therefore, "correctories" had to be made. In the Later part of the 13th century, Roger Bacon condemned unsparingly manuscripts which, although they were skillfully and beautifully written, transmitted inaccuracies of text.

Title: 14. Bible (Biblia Sacra Latina, Versio Vulgata)
Date Created: 1250, 1299
Summary: Hand Lettered and Painted in Medieval Latin Text; Single Page from the Bible; From the Collection of Otto F. Ege.
Subjects: Bible--N.T.--Illustrations, Manuscripts, Medieval, Illumination of books and manuscripts, French
In Collection(s): Medieval Manuscripts Collection, Special Collections Department, Newark Public Library Repository
mods_note_ms: In the quarter century from 1275 to 1300, marked advances were effected in the art. The bar borders came to be executed in rich opaque gouache pigments, with ultramarine made of powered lapis lazuli predominating. The foliage scroll work inside the initial frame created a style that persisted with little or no change for nearly two hundred years. The script was well executed and was without rigidity or tension. All these elements, together with the sparkle which was created by the casual distribution of the burnished gold accents, give to this leaf a striking atmosphere of joyous freedom.

Title: 16. Breviary (Breviarium)
Date Created: 1250, 1299
Summary: Hand Lettered and Painted in Medieval Latin Text; Single Page Brebiary; From the Collection of Otto F. Ege.
Subjects: Breviary--France--Illustrations, Manuscripts, Medieval, Illumination of books and manuscripts, French
In Collection(s): Medieval Manuscripts Collection, Special Collections Department, Newark Public Library Repository
mods_note_ms: The angular gothic script required a skilled calligrapher. It would be difficult for a modern engrosser to match, even with steel pens, the exactness and sharpness of these letters formed with a quill by a 13th century scribe. Green was a decorative color added to the palette in the late 13th century in many scriptoria. The medieval formulae for making it from earth, flowers, berries, and metals are often elaborate and strange. This manuscript was written on fine uterine vellum, i.e., the skin of an unborn calf. It evidently had hard use, or may have been buried with its owner.

Title: 17. Psalter (Psalterium)
Date Created: 1250, 1299
Summary: Hand Lettered and Painted in Medieval Latin Text; Single Page Psalter; From the Collection of Otto F. Ege.
Subjects: Psalters--England--Illustrations, Manuscripts, Medieval, Illumination of books and manuscripts, English
In Collection(s): Medieval Manuscripts Collection, Special Collections Department, Newark Public Library Repository
mods_note_ms: At this time the pendant tails of the initial letters are rigid or only slightly wavy, with a few leaves springing from the ends. Later, they became free scrolls, with luxurious foliage, and were extended into all the margins. The blue and lake (orange-red) color scheme with accents of white in a carry over from the Westminster tradition which prevailed in the previous century. The solid line-filling ornaments at the ends of the verses were a new feature added in the second half of the 13th century. Silver and alloys of gold are used on this leaf.

Title: 18. Breviary (Breviarium)
Date Created: 1250, 1299
Summary: Hand Lettered in Medieval Latin Text; Single Page Brebiary; From the Collection of Otto F. Ege.
Subjects: Breviary--France--Illustrations, Manuscripts, Medieval, Illumination of books and manuscripts, French
In Collection(s): Medieval Manuscripts Collection, Special Collections Department, Newark Public Library Repository
mods_note_ms: The Breviary is one of the six official books used by the Roman Catholic Church in its liturgy. It is a book of prayers for the clergy, giving the directions for all of the various services of the Divine Hours throughout the year. The other five official books are the Pontifical, the Missal, the Ritual, the Martyrology, and the Ceremonial of the Bishops.

Title: 20. Psalter (Psalterium)
Date Created: 1300, 1350
Summary: Hand Lettered and Painted in Medieval Latin Text; Single Page Psalter; From the Collection of Otto F. Ege.
Subjects: Psalters--Netherlands--Illustrations, Manuscripts, Medieval, Illumination of books and manuscripts, Dutch
In Collection(s): Medieval Manuscripts Collection, Special Collections Department, Newark Public Library Repository
mods_note_ms: The filigree decoration, as well as the line-finishing elements, show more creative freedom than either the initial or the text letters. The small burnished gold letters display considerable skill on the part of the illuminator, for it is difficult to control small designs in the gesso used as a base for the raised gold leaf.

Title: 21. Hymnal (Hymnarium)
Date Created: 1300, 1350
Summary: Hand Lettered and Painted in Medieval Latin Text; Single Page Hymnal; From the Collection of Otto F. Ege.
Subjects: Hymns--France--Illustrations, Manuscripts, Medieval, Illumination of books and manuscripts, French
In Collection(s): Medieval Manuscripts Collection, Special Collections Department, Newark Public Library Repository
mods_note_ms: Their melodies are frequently distinguished by a refrain which was sung at the beginning and at the end of each stanza. The initial letter design of this leaf persisted with little or no change for a long period, but the simple pendant spear was used as a distinctive motif for not more than twenty-five years.

Title: 23. Breviary (Breviarium)
Date Created: Middle 13th Century
Summary: Hand Lettered and Painted in Medieval Latin Text; Single Page Brebiary; From the Collection of Otto F. Ege.
Subjects: Breviary--France--Illustrations, Manuscripts, Medieval, Illumination of books and manuscripts, French
In Collection(s): Medieval Manuscripts Collection, Special Collections Department, Newark Public Library Repository
mods_note_ms: In England, the burnished gold elements are generally of an orange tint, due to the presence of an alloy; in Italy, they are a rosy color because the underlying gesso or plaster base was mixed with a red pigment

Title: 26. Missal (Missale)
Date Created: 1350, 1399
Summary: Hand Lettered and Painted in Medieval Latin Text; Single Page Missal; From the Collection of Otto F. Ege.
Subjects: Manuscripts, Medieval, Missals--France--Illustrations, Illumination of books and manuscripts, French
In Collection(s): Medieval Manuscripts Collection, Special Collections Department, Newark Public Library Repository
mods_note_ms: The fact that this Missal honors particular saints by its calendar and litany indicates that it was made by friars of the Franciscan order. This was established in 1209 by St. Francis. These wandering friars with their humility, love of nature and men, and their joyous religious fervor, soon became one of the largest orders in Europe.

Title: 28. Book of Hours (Horae Beatae Mariae Virginis)
Date Created: Middle 15th Century
Summary: Hand Lettered and Painted in Medieval Latin Text; Single Page from a Book of Hours; From the Collection of Otto F. Ege.
Subjects: Manuscripts, Medieval, Book of Hours--France--Illustrations, Illumination of books and manuscripts, French
In Collection(s): Medieval Manuscripts Collection, Special Collections Department, Newark Public Library Repository
mods_note_ms: Various metals were added in different localities to the fine gold. English illuminations frequently had a decided orange hue, while the French had a lemon cast. The quality of the gold was best enhanced by the use of burnishing tools equipped with an emerald, a topaz, or a ruby. Less successful burnishes contained an agate or the tooth of a wolf, horse, or a dog.

Title: 29. Book of Hours (Horae Beatae Mariae Virginis)
Date Created: Middle 15th Century
Summary: Hand Lettered and Painted in Medieval Latin Text; Single Page from a Book of Hours; From the Collection of Otto F. Ege.
Subjects: Manuscripts, Medieval, Book of Hours--France--Illustrations, Illumination of books and manuscripts, French
In Collection(s): Medieval Manuscripts Collection, Special Collections Department, Newark Public Library Repository
mods_note_ms: Fifty years earlier the stem would have been wider and colored, and the foliage rich; fifty years later the ivy and holly leaves would be entangled with flowers and acanthus foliage

Title: 30. Book of Hours (Horae Beatae Mariae Virginis)
Date Created: Middle 15th Century
Summary: Hand Lettered and Painted in Medieval Latin Text; Single Page from a Book of Hours; From the Collection of Otto F. Ege.
Subjects: Manuscripts, Medieval, Book of Hours--France--Illustrations, Illumination of books and manuscripts, French
In Collection(s): Medieval Manuscripts Collection, Special Collections Department, Newark Public Library Repository
mods_note_ms: The text of a Book of Hours consists of Gospels of the Nativity, prayers for the Canonical Hours, the Penitential Psalms, the Litany, and other prayers.

Title: 31. Book of Hours (Horae Beatae Mariae Virginis)
Date Created: Middle 15th Century
Summary: Hand Lettered and Painted in Medieval Latin Text; Single Page from a Book of Hours; From the Collection of Otto F. Ege.
Subjects: Manuscripts, Medieval, Book of Hours--France--Illustrations, Illumination of books and manuscripts, French
In Collection(s): Medieval Manuscripts Collection, Special Collections Department, Newark Public Library Repository
mods_note_ms: Customers who still preferred the manuscript format and could afford it also had a choice of many different types of decoration and could stipulate what quantity and quality of miniatures they desired. By this time the ivy spray had a variety of forms. It might be seen springing from an initial letter, from an detached bar, in a separate panel in company with realistic flowers, or forming a three or four-sided border intermixed with acanthus leaves and even birds, animals, and hybrid monsters which are neither man nor beast.

Title: 36. Book of Hours (Horae Beatae Mariae Virginis)
Date Created: Middle 15th Century
Summary: Hand Lettered and Painted in Medieval Latin Text; Single Page from a Book of Hours; From the Collection of Otto F. Ege.
In Collection(s): Medieval Manuscripts Collection, Special Collections Department, Newark Public Library Repository
mods_note_ms: Books of Hours, beautifully written, enriched with burnished gold initials, and adorned with miniature paintings, were frequently the most treasured possessions of the devout and wealthy layman. They were not only carried to chapel but were often kept at the bedside at night. Oaths were sworn on them.

Title: 38. Missal (Missale Lemovicense Castrense)
Date Created: Middle 15th Century
Summary: Hand Lettered in Medieval Latin Text; Single Page Missal; From the Collection of Otto F. Ege.
Subjects: Manuscripts, Medieval, Missals--France--Illustrations, Illumination of books and manuscripts, French
In Collection(s): Medieval Manuscripts Collection, Special Collections Department, Newark Public Library Repository
mods_note_ms: The national book hand had become amazingly uniform. In this manuscript as in many manuscripts of the 15th century there is an increasing tendency to speed and slackness. France was no longer setting the standard for manuscripts. This example shows that they were greatly influenced by contemporary Italian manuscripts.

Title: 47. Book of Hours (Horae Beatae Mariae Virginis)
Date Created: 1450, 1499
Summary: Hand Lettered and Painted in Medieval Latin Text; Single Page from a Book of Hours; From the Collection of Otto F. Ege.
Subjects: Manuscripts, Medieval, Book of Hours--Netherlands--Illustrations, Illumination of books and manuscripts, Dutch
In Collection(s): Medieval Manuscripts Collection, Special Collections Department, Newark Public Library Repository
mods_note_ms: Carnations, pansies, columbines, and many other flowers were faultlessly and realistically drawn. A few decades later, at the turn on the century, cast shadows as well as snails, butterflies, and birds were added, with the result that the borders became a distraction to the reader.

Title: Bible (Biblia Sacra Latina, Versio Vulgata)
Date Created: 1250, 1299
Summary: Hand Lettered and Painted in Medieval Latin Text; Single Page from the Bible; From the Collection of Otto F. Ege.
Subjects: Bible--N.T.--Illustrations, Manuscripts, Medieval, Illumination of books and manuscripts, French
In Collection(s): 14. Bible (Biblia Sacra Latina, Versio Vulgata), Medieval Manuscripts Collection, Special Collections Department, Newark Public Library Repository
mods_note_ms: In the quarter century from 1275 to 1300, marked advances were effected in the art. The bar borders came to be executed in rich opaque gouache pigments, with ultramarine made of powered lapis lazuli predominating. The foliage scroll work inside the initial frame created a style that persisted with little or no change for nearly two hundred years. The script was well executed and was without rigidity or tension. All these elements, together with the sparkle which was created by the casual distribution of the burnished gold accents, give to this leaf a striking atmosphere of joyous freedom.

Title: Bible (Biblia Sacra Latina, Versio Vulgata)
Date Created: 1250, 1299
Summary: Hand Lettered and Painted in Medieval Latin Text; Single Page from the Bible; From the Collection of Otto F. Ege.
Subjects: Bible--N.T.--Illustrations, Manuscripts, Medieval, Illumination of books and manuscripts, French
In Collection(s): 14. Bible (Biblia Sacra Latina, Versio Vulgata), Medieval Manuscripts Collection, Special Collections Department, Newark Public Library Repository
mods_note_ms: In the quarter century from 1275 to 1300, marked advances were effected in the art. The bar borders came to be executed in rich opaque gouache pigments, with ultramarine made of powered lapis lazuli predominating. The foliage scroll work inside the initial frame created a style that persisted with little or no change for nearly two hundred years. The script was well executed and was without rigidity or tension. All these elements, together with the sparkle which was created by the casual distribution of the burnished gold accents, give to this leaf a striking atmosphere of joyous freedom.

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